Gastric sleeve surgery is an effective surgical method in the fight against obesity. This operation significantly reduces the stomach’s volume, enabling patients to consume less food and achieve permanent weight loss. Additionally, by removing the area where the hunger hormone ghrelin is produced, the sensation of hunger decreases. This helps patients adapt to a healthier and more sustainable diet.
Who Is Eligible for Gastric Sleeve Surgery?
Suitable candidates for gastric sleeve surgery are individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 or above. Those with a BMI between 35–40 who also suffer from conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, fatty liver, joint diseases caused by obesity, or psychosocial disorders may also be considered eligible. While evaluating a patient’s suitability for surgery, factors such as overall health, age, and previous weight loss attempts are taken into account. Additionally, the patient’s expectations after surgery are also considered.
Preoperative Process for Gastric Sleeve Surgery
To ensure the surgery is performed safely, comprehensive health evaluations are conducted, including blood tests, imaging studies, and cardiology assessments. Opinions from departments such as internal medicine, cardiology, endocrinology, and psychiatry are gathered to determine surgical eligibility.
The patient's BMI, coexisting conditions such as diabetes, and overall health are taken into consideration. In some cases, a special preoperative diet may be required in the weeks leading up to surgery. It is also advised to avoid habits like smoking and alcohol consumption, as they can negatively affect the surgical process.
How Is Gastric Sleeve Surgery Performed?
This procedure is typically carried out using a laparoscopic (minimally invasive) technique. Under general anesthesia, the stomach is reshaped into a narrow, banana-like tube, reducing its volume by about 75–80%. The surgery usually takes around 30 minutes, and patients are monitored in the hospital for a few days. The reduced stomach volume leads to smaller meal portions and earlier satiety.
Postoperative Process
After gastric sleeve surgery, patients must follow a specific nutritional plan:
- Weeks 1–2: A liquid-based diet is followed (water, diluted apple juice, non-carbonated 100% fruit juices, protein shakes, low-fiber and non-gassy soups).
- Weeks 3–4: Transition to soft, puréed foods.
- Week 5 and Beyond: Gradual introduction of solid foods, with strict portion control.
- Long-Term Habits: Emphasis on a protein-rich diet, regular water intake, and increased physical activity.
Resuming normal eating habits should be carefully planned in collaboration with a doctor and dietitian. Personalized dietary programs developed with expert guidance improve treatment effectiveness and ensure a healthier recovery. Additionally, psychological support is recommended to help patients adapt to lifestyle and dietary changes after surgery.
Advantages of Gastric Sleeve Surgery
- Permanent Weight Loss: Promotes long-term, healthy weight reduction.
- Improvement in Metabolic and Psychosocial Health: Helps improve or resolve conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, sleep apnea, obesity-related joint disorders, and psychosocial issues.
- Minimally Invasive Approach: Laparoscopic technique ensures a faster and more comfortable recovery process.
- Appetite Control: Reduction in ghrelin hormone levels decreases hunger.
In conclusion, gastric sleeve surgery is a safe and effective treatment option for patients struggling with weight management and obesity-related health conditions. The success of the surgery depends not only on the procedure itself but also on the preoperative preparation, the precision of the surgical process, and the quality of postoperative care. Following medical guidance, working with dietitians and other health professionals, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, and maintaining a sustainable diet plan are key factors in achieving lasting results.
